150 Years of Voting in a Managed Democracy: Same Elite Network Behind All Republican and Democrat Candidates; Power from Morgan to Rockefeller to Kissinger

"Some of them are candid enough to tell you the truth. Like Henry Kissinger, who defined an "expert" as a person who is capable of articulating the consensus of people with power. ...

"We’re the only major industrial democracy that doesn’t have a political party which is, basically, labor-based. We only have ... two factions of the Business Party called the Democrats and the Republicans. ...

"[In] totalitarian states ... they don’t really care what people think, because they always have a club at hand to beat them over the head... The democratic state can’t use such mechanisms. [But] since power is still concentrated, but in different hands - in our society largely in private ownership - and you can’t control people by force, you’d better [resort to] more sophisticated forms of indoctrination. ...

"[So the objective is that] our leaders control us, not we control them. ... How do you achieve this? Well, there are a lot of ways of achieving it [such as controlling the media, as I have discussed], but one of the [other] ways of achieving it is by turning the elected offices into ceremonial positions. ... That’s why Reagan is so interesting, because ... Reagan had only the foggiest ideas of what the policies of his administration were. ...

"[So you] allow [the people] to participate in the political system, but as consumers, not as true participants. That is, allow them a method for ratifying decisions [of one political candidate or another] that were made by others, but eliminate the methods by which they might first inform themselves; second, organize; and third, act in such a way as to really control decision-making. ...

"I go into the polling booth and I push one or another button, depending on which of those positions I want. That’s a very limited form of democracy. A really meaningful democracy would mean that I play a role in forming those decisions, in creating those positions. That those positions reflect my active, creative participation. Not just me, of course, but everyone. ... We’re very far from that."

1988, Noam Chomsky, in discussion with fellow-"new left" ("liberal CIA") activist Bill Moyers of the CFR board of directors and the Bilderberg steering committee. 1

Vote all you want; a small elite decides the candidates

There are a variety of ways to analyze if and how elected political administrations in western democracies are controlled by a big business-oriented globalist elite. Looking at all the different globalist think tanks and conferences former members of cabinet end up with is one way. Looking at personal relationships between big business executives and politicians is another. Yet another way, in case of the United States, is to analyze the percentage of secretaries of state, defense secretaries, national security advisors, etc. who were members of the big business-funded Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) *before* being appointed to these positions by elected presidents. ISGP has done so in various other articles and oversights.

In this article - a first version of which appeared in ISGP's 2013 intro article - we look at the CFR as well, but also at a wider network of key think tanks, conferences, social clubs, "charitable" NGOs and persons. In particular we are looking to see if any administration official, before his or her appointment, had any ties to the Rockefeller family, or, in case we go pre-World War II, to other "robber barons", such as the Morgans, Mellons, or Carnegie network. In case of the post-World War II Rockefeller network, we look at administration officials for:

1. Pre-existing personal or business ties to Nelson or David Rockefeller.


2. Pre-existing involvement in Bilderberg, of which David Rockefeller was an important co-founder and who visited it more than anyone else for 59 years, missing only 6 conferences over 1954-2013.


3. Pre-existing ties to the Trilateral Commission, founded in 1973 by David Rockefeller.


4. Pre-existing membership of the CFR, chaired from 1953 to 1970 by David Rockefeller mentor John McCloy, by David Rockefeller himself from 1970 to 1985, and subsequently (almost) exclusively by close allies of David Rockefeller who earlier had been members of the Trilateral Commission.


5. Pre-existing ties to Henry Kissinger, who operated as a protege of Nelson Rockefeller since 1955 2, later followed by a best friend relationship with David Rockefeller; has been a CFR member since 1956, a regular Bilderberg visitor over at least 67 years (1957-2023), and a Trilateral Commission executive and member for at least 45 years (1978-2023). Kissinger quite literally took over from David Rockefeller as the most central player in the globalist movement.


6. Pre-existing ties to the Bechtel Group. As discussed and sourced in particular in the biography of John McCone here, Stephen Bechtel, Sr., Henry Kaiser, future CIA director John McCone, Nelson and David Rockefeller, and CIA director Allen Dulles formed a key CIA-big business nexus starting no later that the early 1950s, involving the Bechtel firm, Saudi ARAMCO, and countless Business Roundtable multinationals. Bechtel, Kaiser, and McCone were the leading members of Bohemian Grove camp Mandalay, a key hub of globalist West Coast establishment also visited annually by the Rockefellers. In addition, the Bechtels were members of the 1001 Club since the 1970s, alongside David and Laurance Rockefeller, the British and French Rothschilds, European royals, representatives of the Shah of Iran, Mobutu from the Congo, and various Mossad-tied bankers and businessmen.
   
   The Bechtel Group is included here because it more comprehensively ties the JFK, LBJ and Reagan administrations to elite interests, ignoring Eisenhower's friendly relations with John McCone and Stephen Bechtel, Sr. in the 1950s. Also, George Shultz not only used to be Bechtel president until becoming Reagan's secretary of state in 1982, after leaving the Reagan administration in 1989 he immediately went back to Bechtel and remained a director of the company until 2006. This is important, because Shultz - who has plenty of Kissinger and Rockefeller ties himself, from the "new age greeny" State of the World Forums, to the Trilateral Commission, to the neoliberal "Chicago School" - in the late 2010s would be tied to many right-wing picks of the Trump administration in particular.
   
   In short, while not much written about it, the Bechtel firm and family has maintained decades-long ties to CIA leadership alongside their Rockefeller partners. Hence, they very strongly represent both globalism and the CIA, a crucial nexus of power that even today we don't fully understand. Retired CIA director Richard Helms - with his family elite ties to banking, the CFR and the Pilgrims - becoming a consultant to Bechtel, fits in the same pattern.

The reader can see why the CFR, Bilderberg and Trilateral Commission have been singled out here: those NGOs have been the key personal playing ground of David Rockefeller. The same thing goes for Henry Kissinger with regard to the latter two groups. Attention in this article is also paid to a variety of other elite groups, most notably the Pilgrims Society and the 1001 Club, because these groups also help tie various elites to the Rockefellers, not to mention the Rothschilds. Other think tanks, conferences, or social clubs laying bare these ties will also be used. In the end, most of this article comes down to tying members of succeeding cabinets to the Rockefeller and older Morgan interests - with the focus obviously being on ties that preceded any government appointments.

It actually wasn't until July 2023, when the original oversight was separated from the old introduction article on this site, that the list here was expanded with pre-World II and pre-World War I era presidential administrations. Over the years the author picked up on various practical examples of elite influence on these earlier administrations, but did not have much of a framework on ISGP to organize these ties anywhere. As the reader can see from the following quick examples, we really needed such an analysis:

1. General Ulysses Grant (1869-1877) sat on the board of the Peabody-Morgan-founded Peabody Education Fund since two years before his presidential inauguration. So did his secretary of state o 8 years.
2. William McKinley's campaign chair and fundraiser, businessman Mark Hanna, had been friends of Standard Oil founders John and William Rockefeller since high school. Morgan also organized a fundraiser for McKinley (1897-1901) on his Corsair II yacht.
3. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) and his father, going back decades before Teddy's presidency, shared the board of the American Museum of Natural History with names as Morgan, Drexel, Vanderbilt, Harriman and Dodge, etc. Similar ties ran through membership in the Union League Club of New York.
4. Woodrow Wilson's "lifelong friend and Princeton classmate" was Rockefeller in-law Cleveland H. Dodge, with Jacob Schiff also supporting his (uniquely) Democrat presidency. Morgan bestie George Harvey pushed Wilson (1913-1921) for president since 1906, after Wilson had been invited to speak at the Carnegie-dominated Lotos Club.
5. Vice president (1921-1923) and then president Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929) was aided into the White House by his old Amhurst classmate, Dwight Morrow, by then a prominent partner in J.P. Morgan & Co.
6. FDR has his "socialist values" instilled at the Morgan-Peabody-ran Groton School, with him teaming up with CFR and Pilgrims banker Marshall Field III in supporting the "community organizing" of the ever-curious Saul Alinsky.

These presidential elections, from the 19th to the 21st century, have, of course, always been followed by presidential selections for the major cabinet positions. In these picks we find further proof that elite financial interests determine who gets to run whatever government gets elected. They create this system by allowing the media they own to only give attention to first, second and even third tier potential presidential candidates who they know will keep the debate in between certain predetermined limits. No one else ever gets attention, and certainly not the green light to run for president.

That's not a "democracy". That's a "managed democracy". And we in the West, certainly Americans, have never experienced anything else. All we do is vote for actors and PR men that covertly manage our democracy on behalf of a big business-funded globalist elite consisting of a small group of businessmen, diplomats, politicians, scholars, and national security veterans. "Anti-globalist" forces in this system are set up to provide some token resistance but ultimate are designed to lose.

LIST OF PRE-WORLD WAR II ADMINISTRATIONS

Gen. Ulysses Grant (1869-1877) administration

William McKinley administration: 1897-1901

Theodore Roosevelt administration: 1901-1909

Name	Position
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt, Jr.	U.S. president 1901-1909. Governor of New York 1899-1900. The Roosevelts were as elite as they came. Teddy's father, Theodore Roosevelt, Sr., was a member of the Knickerbocker Club. From 1869 to 1878, the father also was a founding trustee of the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), together with J. P. Morgan, Sr. (AMNH trustee 1869-1913, treasurer anno 1884), Anson Phelps Dodge (AMNH trustee 1869-1872), with other Dodge family members soon taking over from him; future Pilgrims Society president Joseph Choate (AMNH trustee anno 1869-, still anno 1916), and future Pilgrims vice president Morris Jesup (AMNH trustee president 1869-1908). Joseph Choate would become known as a Rockefeller attorney in anti-trust lawsuits, and also become a member of J.P. Morgan's elite Corsair Club, together with William Rockefeller. Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt Jr. would serve on the board of the American Museum of Natural History from 1886 to 1891, alongside Morgan and countless additional Pilgrims Society members. In 1884 Roosevelt, Jr. was invited to the Union League Club of New York, sharing membership over the years with Marshall Field, Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan, Sr., John D. Rockefeller Sr., Cornelius Vanderbilt and Andrew Mellon, as well as key henchmen of these dominant financial interests as Mark Hanna, Joseph Choate, Elihu Root and Chauncey Depew. This once again went back well before Roosevelt ever was considered a presidential candidate. As the leader of the "progressive", "reform-minded" wing of the Republican Party, in March 1901 Teddy Roosevelt became U.S. vice president under the "big business-minded" William McKinley, whose campaign was run by Rockefeller man Mark Hanna. McKinley was appointed to the Peabody Education Fund upon his election as U.S. president. Teddy replaced him after McKinley's assassination in September 1901. He would remain on the board until 1914. Other Peabody Education Trust trustees were J. P. Morgan, Jr. (during 1885-1913), whose family founded it with the Peabodies; future Pilgrims president Joseph Choate (1893-1908) and Pilgrims vice president Morris Jesup (1902-1908) - whom we already met as trustees alongside the Roosevelts of the American Museum of Natural History in earlier decades. Another Peabody Education Trust trustee was the Pilgrim Daniel Coit Gilman (1893-1908), who incorporated Skull & Bones into the Russell Trust. Gilman also was a co-founder with Andrew Carnegie and the first president of the Carnegie Institution from 1902. Eventually, more than half of Teddy Roosevelt's sons and grandsons were ultraright businessmen and CIA officers. Of these, grandson Kermit Roosevelt, II, due to his role in the overthrow of the Shah of Iran, became the best known. But grandson Archibald Roosevelt also worked for the CIA. And so, quite clearly did Edith Kermit Roosevelt, an "anti-Eastern Establishment" crusader. Click on the image below for a general oversight: Teddy Roosevelt is largely responsible for keeping the controversial artificial sweetener Saccharin on the market for more than another century.
John M. Hay	Secretary of state 1898-1905. Son-in-law of Vanderbilt- and Rockefeller-ally Amasa Stone, also an investor in Standard Oil. See the previous section for details and sources.
Elihu Root	Secretary of state 1905-1909. In the late 19th century, Root was a lawyer for the Harriman, Whitney and Gould "robber baron" families, as well as Andrew Carnegie. Already in 1869 Root was invited to the Union League Club of New York, before Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan, Sr., John D. Rockefeller Sr., Cornelius Vanderbilt and, much later still, Andrew Mellon, joined the club. In 1898 he was appointed president of the Union League Club, while Andrew Carnegie was among the vice presidents. Trustee Carnegie Institution of Science 1902-1937 and also the Carnegie Endowment and the Carnegie Corporation (1911-1937). In 1903 he gave a speech at the Carnegie-dominated Lotos Club, where he appears to have been a member, also alongside J.P. Morgan, Sr. By 1905 Root was a prominent member of the Metropolitan Club, alongside its founder, J.P. Morgan, Sr., John Jacob Astor and William Vanderbilt, Jr. In 1908, as secretary of state, he founded the US Pan American Committee, together with Andrew Carnegie. Certainly after his position as secretary of state, Root served as a vice president of the New York Peace Society, alongside Jacob Schiff, with Andrew Carnegie as key founder and president. 14
Robert Bacon	Assistant secretary of state 1905-1909. Secretary of state Jan.-March 1909. Old Harvard classmate of Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. Junior partner in J.P. Morgan & Co. 1894-. Toured South America for the Carnegie Endowment in 1913.
George Walbridge Perkins	Key financial advisor of Roosevelt. Partner in J.P. Morgan & Co. 1901-. Director of Morgan's U.S. Steel until his death in 1920. Founding member Pilgrims from 1903 until his death in 1920. During the 1912 elections, on June 29, Theodore Roosevelt and George Perkins split of from the Republican after Roosevelt lost the nomination to William Howard Taft. They formed the Progressive Party instead 15, whose model was a "good trust": one that voluntarily doesn't try to destroy small competitors, engages in philanthropy, and is open about its management and finances. Perkins implemented these models at Morgan-owned firms U.S. Steel and International Harvester. There was a catch though, namely that through these (temporary) practices, Morgan was trying to avoid additional anti-trust legislation. This was reflected in the Progressive Party's policy involving: "The fundamental principle of life is co-operation rather than competition... Competition is cruel, wasteful, destructive, outmoded; co-operation, inherent in any theory of a well-ordered Universe, is humane, efficient, inevitable and modern." 16 Needless to say, Roosevelt lost his image of being a "trust buster" and lost the 1912 elections to the Democrat Woodrow Wilson. In that election, Wilson received 41.8% of the vote, Roosevelt 27.4% and Taft 23.2%. Arguably this means that the (traditional) Republicans lost to Wilson due to vote-splitting.

William H. Taft administration: 1909-1913

Woodrow Wilson administration: 1913-1921

Wilson was president of the United States during eventful times, both in terms of regular and conspiracy history. The Federal Reserve was founded in 1913 as part of a "banker's conspiracy". World War I was fought between 1914 and 1918, which included accusations of war profiteering against the Morgan bank. It was the time of the Versailles Peace Conference, whose U.S. delegation was seen as Morgan-dominated. At Versailles - on the side - the stage was set for the creation the Royal Institute for International Affairs (RIIA), the CFR and the International Chamber of Commerce, once again by elite banking and business interests. In 1917 the Soviet came to power in Russia, turning it into the Soviet Union. Also here evidence of banker's covertly influencing events could be found.

Warren G. Harding administration: 1921-1923

Calvin Coolidge administration: 1923-1929

Herbert Hoover administration: 1929-1933

FDR administration: 1933-1945

The "left-wing" New Deal-pushing Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) turns out to have deep ties from his youth to the Morgan-Peabody clan.

LIST OF POST-WORLD WAR II ADMINISTRATIONS

Truman administration: 1945-1953

Rockefeller influence within the CFR wouldn't fully take over from the older Morgan dominance until the mid 1950s. We also see this reflected in the Truman administration, where the Rockefeller family still was one of a number of Wall Street, or Eastern Establishment, families influencing the administration - Whitney, Harriman and Bruce being others.

Eisenhower administration: 1953-1961

In 1953 David Rockefeller co-founded and helped coordinate the CFR's Corporation Service, the donation organ for corporations. That same year Russell Leffingwell, a former chairman of J.P. Morgan & Company and trustee of the Carnegie Corporation, was succeeded as CFR chairman by John J. McCloy, David Rockefeller's mentor at Chase Manhattan Bank and the CFR. McCloy held the position of CFR chairman until 1970, after which it was handed to David Rockefeller.

Parallel to these developments, we see a quickly growing influence of the Rockefeller family in administration appointments. In effect, the Eisenhower administration was one of the more pure pro-Eastern Establishment, pro-CIA, pro-big business "Rockefeller Republican" governments the United States has seen.

Presidential candidates competing with Eisenhower:

JFK (1961-1963) and LBJ (1963-1969) administrations

The John F. Kennedy administration of 1961-1963 was very different from the one of Eisenhower. As discussed in ISGP's article on the John F. Kennedy assassination, Kennedy changed foreign policy involving CIA big business coups all over the world, becoming unusually supportive of nationalist and socialist movements. Despite being an anti-communist, he refused to support an invasion of Cuba - known as the Bay of Pigs disaster - or an expansion of the war in Vietnam. Within the borders of the United States he went along with the pro-black Civil Rights movement.

Of course, the Rockefellers were tied as much to the civil rights movement as they were to pro-big business CIA coups. In that sense maybe we shouldn't be surprised that they represented just as strong in the Kennedy administration as they were in Eisenhower's.

After Kennedy's November 1963 assassination LBJ, who had a terrible relationship with the Kennedys, reverted most of the former president's foreign policy back to what it was under Eisenhower, allowing the CIA and big business to do as they saw fit. Within days LBJ also allowed a reversal of Kennedy's policy to not escalate the Vietnam War. Only more visible aspects, such as support for the Civil Rights movement, remained. Meanwhile, pretty much the exact same Rockefeller-tied cabinet picks remained in place under LBJ.

Nixon (1969-1974) and Ford (1974-1977) administrations

Presidential candidates competing with Nixon:

Carter administration: 1977-1981

Similar to the Republican administrations before and after him, the Democrat administration of Jimmy Carter was closely tied to the Rockefeller interests. In fact, with no other administration this is easier to demonstrate, because incoming president, vice president, national security advisor, secretary of state, defense secretary all were founding or very early members of David Rockefeller's Trilateral Commission, several years before the election of Carter. Most of these men also had been members of the CFR, similarly chaired by David Rockefeller, this from 1970 to 1985.

Even though the Trilateral Commission is almost universally ignored now by the mainstream media, at the time, the Carter administration was such a blatant Rockefeller coup that even the mainstream media was forced to explain how an establishment surrounding Wall Street bankers and a variety of think tanks was in charge of American politics.

Presidential candidates competing with Jimmy Carter:

Reagan (1981-1989) and Bush (1989-1993) administrations

The Christian-conservative Republican Reagan administration was the polar opposite of the liberal-semi-socialist Democrat one of Jimmy Carter. At least, on the surface of things. Big business was well-protected in both administrations, immigration from Latin America only increased under Reagan, and key controversies, primarily the JFK assassination, continued to be hidden. So the globalist agenda ran its course, per the usual. It was just too early a stage for most people to worry. Only the John Birch Society was making waves.

From the start, arch conservatives of the John Birch Society were criticizing the liberal globalist bent and Rockefeller ties of many of Reagan's appointees. In fact, they already complained in 1980 with criticism of Reagan's running mate, George H. W. Bush, and his campaign chairman, William Casey, over the existing CFR and Trilateral Commission ties of these men.

No matter what one thinks of the John Birch Society, it was right about these ties, of course. Bush's protege, James Baker, became Reagan's influential chief of staff. Bechtel president and Rockefeller ally George Shultz became secretary of state; and Shultz's employee at the CIA- and Rockefeller-tied Bechtel Corporation, Caspar Weinberger, became defense secretary. CIA director William Casey had plenty of past ties to these same elites.

Next, under President Bush, two top proteges and managers of Kissinger Associates held the position of national security advisor and secretary of state, again underscoring Bush's globalist loyalties. His decades-long friend and political protege, James Baker, also served as his secretary of state.

Clinton administration: 1993-2001

David Rockefeller's Trilateral Commission is most often associated with the Jimmy Carter administration. Ignoring George H. W. Bush administration, it is all to forget though that Bill Clinton came out of the Trilateral Commission, as did his closest advisor, fist secretary of state, second CIA director, second defense secretary, and long-time deputy secretary of state.

A long list of less key Clinton officials also emerged from the Trilateral Commission: the assistant secretary of defense for plans and policy, the interior secretary, the secretary of housing, the ambassadors to Great Britain and Mexico, etc.

The Clinton administration was stacked with additional emerging top superclass players not mentioned below. Secretary of defense William Perry, secretary of state Madeleine Albright, and secretary of the treasury Larry Summers all joined the Trilateral Commission after leaving the Clinton administration and ended up near the top of ISGP's Superclass Index. Secretary of the treasury Robert Rubin became CFR co-chair. Council of Economic Advisers chairman (1995-1997), similar to Larry Summers, is a top Rockefeller economist involved in countless NGOs.

Also, all of Clinton's chiefs of staff - Mack McLarty, Leon Panetta and John Podesta - emerged in later decades as leading NGO players deemed essential enough for inclusion in ISGP's Superclass Index.

Name	State/defense secretary, DCI, etc.
Bill Clinton	President 1993-2001. Linked to CIA drug trafficking through the Mena affair of the 1980s. His wife, Hillary Clinton, sat on the board and even served as chair of the Sandinista-supporting "liberal CIA" New World Foundation. Member CFR since 1987. Appeared on a February 1990 membership list of David Rockefeller's Trilateral Commission, but resigned around the time his presidential campaign kicked off on October 1, 1991. In June 1991 Vernon Jordan took him to Bilderberg, dominated since the first meeting in 1954 by David Rockefeller. Along with wife, Hillary, good friends with the Rockefellers and the Sir Evelyn de Rothschild - Lynn Forester de Rothschild. 127 In later decades the Clinton couple ended high up in ISGP's Superclass Index.
Vernon Jordan	Chair of Clinton's transition team after his 1992 election; close friend (since the 1970s) and middle man of Clinton, also to the establishment. Trustee Rockefeller Foundation 1971-1984. Has been visiting Bilderberg annually since 1979, joined the steering committee, and still visits the group into the 2020s. Trustee Ford Foundation 1987-1999. Member of the Trilateral Commission since at least 1990, and likely the person who invited Bill Clinton to it as a member by 1990. In 1991 he brought Bill Clinton to Bilderberg. Already in the 1980s he served with Hillary Clinton on the board of the Rockefeller and CIA-tied New World Foundation. Regular Sun Valley visitor throughout the 1990s. Top superclass member.
Al Gore	Vice president 1993-2001. Prominent Democrat presidential candidate in 2000-2001. Scholarship at the Rockefeller Foundation 1971-1972. Very close partner in the new age environmental movement of Rockefeller-Rothschild man Maurice Strong. Co-director of Laurance Rockefeller, Ted Turner, John Kerry, Ralph Nader and Mario Cuomo at the Earth Day Network in 1990. 128 In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Gore was on the advisory board of the elite CSIS think tank, together with Edmond de Rothschild, Clinton CIA director James Woolsey, Clinton secretary of defense William Cohen, 1996 Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole, new age UFO disinformer Senator Claiborne Pell; and trustees as Henry Kissinger, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Paul Volcker and Maurice Greenberg - all close friends of David Rockefeller. 129 In 1997 his daughter married into the Schiff banking family, generational Pilgrims Society members for at least a century.
Warren Christopher	Secretary of state 1993-1997. Member CFR since 1973, when David Rockefeller was chairman. Founding member in 1973 of David Rockefeller's Trilateral Commission. High up in ISGP's Superclass Index.
Strobe Talbott	Ambassador-at-large and special adviser to the secretary of state for the New Independent States and Russia 1993-1994; deputy Secretary of state 1994-2001. Member CFR since 1976, when David Rockefeller was chairman. Member of David Rockefeller's Trilateral Commission since at least 1990.
John Deutch	Under secretary of defense for acquisition and technology 1993-1994; deputy secretary of defense 1995-1996; CIA director 1995-1996. Member CFR since 1976, when David Rockefeller was chairman. Member of David Rockefeller's Trilateral Commission before entering the Clinton administration, apparently only just before.
William Cohen	Secretary of defense 1997-2001. Member of David Rockefeller's Trilateral Commission from the mid 1970s until his election as secretary of defense in 1997. Member CFR since 1981, when David Rockefeller was chairman.
James Woolsey	CIA director 1993-1995. Member CFR since 1975, when David Rockefeller was chairman. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Woolsey was on the advisory board of the elite CSIS think tank, together with Edmond de Rothschild, Al Gore, Clinton secretary of defense William Cohen; and trustees as Henry Kissinger, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Paul Volcker and Maurice Greenberg 130 - all close friends of David Rockefeller. Notoriously ignored by Clinton. Appointed to appease the neocons. Post 9/11 quickly rose to the number 2 spot in ISGP's Superclass Index, right behind Henry Kissinger, this due to his involvement in countless hawkish Zionist-neocon NGOs.

Presidential candidates competing with Clinton:

George W. Bush administration: 2001-2009

The Bush 43 government brought us back to a Republican government dominated by a hawkish alliance of pro-Israel neocons and Christian conservatives. The Rockefeller influence - through names as Kissinger, Shultz and Bechtel - still was there though.

Presidential candidates competing with George W. Bush:

Obama administration: 2009-2017

The Obama administration's policies have been seen as having been strongly influence by the Princeton Project on National Security (PPNS) of 2004-2006, involving George Shultz, Anthony Lake and Henry Kissinger as an outside advisor. 149 Another one of those involved in the project, Anne-Marie Slaughter of ISGP's Superclass Index, later also wrote that the "small and chummy ... foreign policy community", including those at the "the Council on Foreign Relations, the Atlantic Council and the New America Foundation - have put forward grand strategies seeking to inspire Obama in his second term." 150

Presidential candidates competing with Obama:

Trump administration: 2017-2021

Presidential candidates competing with Trump:

Joe Biden administration: 2021-

Presidential candidates competing with Biden:

Notes

1. Nov. 3, 1988, BillMoyers.com, 'Noam Chomsky on 'Manufacturing Consent' (Part One)'. Also part two. Both video and a transcript available.
2. 2013 (1992 original), Walter Isaacson (president and CEO Aspen Inst., etc.), 'Kissinger: A Biography', pp. 90-93: "In 1955, Kissinger found a patron [named] Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller [who was] an assistant to President Eisenhower for international affairs [and need national security experts]. [Kissinger recalls the meeting.] In March 1956 ... Kissinger agreed to become director of the Rockefeller [Special Studies] project... Kissinger was something of a terror. ... notoriously short-tempered with subordinates ... calling them idiots and morons. ... "He [cared] whether or not a car met him at the airport and whether it was a Cadillac or not," recalled Oscar Ruebhausen, long a close associate of the Rockefellers. ... Until he joined Nixon's staff at the end of 1968, Kissinger remained a part-time consultant to Rockefeller [spending the rest running Harvard's Harvard Defense studies program from 1958 to 1968, where he interviewing guest speakers, who tended to be veterans and rising stars in Washington]."
3. 1888, 'Proceedings of the Trustees of the Peabody Education Fund, 1881-1887', opening page: "The board as originally appointed [in 1867] by Mr. Peabody: ... Hon. Hamilton Fish... *General U. S. Grant... George Peabody Russell... [New appointments:] Anthony J. Drexel ... J. Pierpont Morgan... Grover Cleveland..."
4. Ibid.
5. Nov. 1901, The Barbers' Journal, p. 295, 'Rockefeller and Hanna as Boys': "(From the Buffalo Enquirer.) The Central High School Monthly of Cleveland, O., published in its last issue extracts from essays written by John D. Rockefeller and Mark Hanna when they were schoolboys in that city..."; April 1911, The Bulletin of the American Iron and Steel Association: "After some further schooling at the Cleveland high school, where John D. and William Rockefeller were [Hanna's] schoolmates..."; 1968, Irving Katz, 'August Belmont; a Political Biography', p. 276.
6. 1951, Ralph Morris Goldman, 'Party Chairmen and Party Faction, 1789-1900: A Theory of Executive Responsibility and Conflict Resolution', p. 533: "Some [corporations] gave much more. John D. Rockefeller, a good friend of Hanna since their days as Cleveland commission merchants, was now head man at Standard Oil and that concern gave $250,000."
7. 1990, Ron Chernow, 'The House of Morgan', p. 77: "Pierpont [Morgan] entertained Mark Hanna ... aboard the Corsair II. Generous contributions [were made] by Morgan and other bankers to the campaign of William McKinley..."
8. archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/ learning/general/onthisday/ harp/1205.html (accessed: July 27, 2023; 'On this Day' series): "On December 5, 1903 , Harper's Weekly featured a cartoon about Senator Mark Hanna..."
9. July 18, 1980, Washington Post, ' Teddy Roosevelt &...'
10. 1940, ' John D. Rockefeller: The Heroic Age of American Enterprise', pp. 193-194.
11. 1900, 'Hearings Before the Industrial Commission: Trusts and Industrial Combinations', p. 694: ""[John D. Rockefeller, Sr.'s older brother] Frank Rockefeller also testifies, July 7, 1876, that ... William H. Vanderbilt, Amasa Stone ... were stockholders in the Standard Oil Company. ... A. William H. Vanderbilt ... was at one time a stockholder in the Standard Oil Company; also Amasa Stone, of Cleveland... Mr, Stone sold his stock some 2 years ago, at or before the time when he quit the railroad."
12. 1900, 'Hearings Before the Industrial Commission: Trusts and Industrial Combinations', p. 694: ""[John D. Rockefeller, Sr.'s older brother] Frank Rockefeller also testifies, July 7, 1876, that ... William H. Vanderbilt, Amasa Stone ... were stockholders in the Standard Oil Company. ... A. William H. Vanderbilt ... was at one time a stockholder in the Standard Oil Company; also Amasa Stone, of Cleveland... Mr, Stone sold his stock some 2 years ago, at or before the time when he quit the railroad."
13. July 1, 2004-June 30, 2005, The President’s Report, Carnegie Institution of Washington, PDF p.4: "Former trustees."
14. Jan. 26, 1917, New York Times 'Praise for Wilson by Peace Society'
15. June 30, 1912, New York Times, '200 Roosevelt Men Bolt and Form Progressive Party...'
16. 1978, John A. Garraty, 'Right-hand Man: the life of George W. Perkins', p. 216.
17. April 1971, The Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine, pp. 198, 202-203, Robert D. Christie, 'The Johnstown Flood': "The Pittsburgh Commercial Gazette of July 3 and 4, 1883, carried an article [on] the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club... The paper then listed the following men as members: ... Andrew Carnegie ... Henry Clay Frick, Philander C. Knox ... Andrew Mellon ... Henry Phipps, Jr., Robert Pitcairn..."
18. history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/knox-philander-chase (accessed: July 22, 2023): "As Counsel for the Carnegie Steel Company, he took a prominent part in organizing the United States Steel Corporation in 1901."
19. 1920, American Machine and Tool Record, pp. 87-88, 'Stories about Henry C. Frick, Ironmaster, Philanthropist; Inside facts of his Famous Row with Andrew Carnegie...': "Philander C. Knox says the funniest show he ever saw was Mr. Carnegie coming out of that office with Henry Frick two jumps behind him."
20. thepittsburghgolfclub.com/club-history (accessed: July 22, 2023): "The Pittsburgh Golf Club [was] established in 1896... Andrew Mellon, Henry Clay Frick and Philander C. Knox were among the Club's early members."
21. 1920, 'Commercial and Financial Chronicle: American bankers' convention section': "Union Trust Company of Pittsburgh [tied in with the First National Bank at Pittsburgh] ... Officers: ... Andrew W. Mellon, Vice-President. ... John A. Irwin, Vice-President and Secy. ... Directors: ...Childs Frick [son of Henry] ... Philander C. Knox ... Andrew W. Mellon. Richard B. Mellon. ... Howard Phipps. ..."
22. 1898, 1903 and 1915 'The Union League Club of New York' booklets. The members section provides the year a member joined.
23. Ibid.
24. 2010, Ron Chernow, 'The House of Morgan', p. 216.
25. March 1, 1928, New York Times, 'C.H. Dodge's Estate Set at $15,522,705; Gift of $2,500 to Wilson at Time of Ex-President's Last Illness Is Revealed'.
26. Feb. 25, 1905, New York Times, 'Princeton Asks $2,500,000. Committee of Fifty to Raise Fund -- $332,000 Brown Bequest Paid.'.
27. *) Feb. 16, 1907, Congressional Record--House, p. 3130: "The Directors [of] National City Bank -- ... Cleveland H. Dodge, ... Henry C. Frick ... E. H. Harriman ... Cyrus H. McCormick ... William Rockefeller, Jacob H. Schiff, ... James Stillman, James A. Stillman..."
    *) Feb. 28, 1913, U.S. Congress--House, 'Report of the Committee Appointed Pursuant to House Resolutions 429 and 504 to Investigates the Concentration of Control of Money and Credit', pp. 71-72: "National City Bank of New York: ... The directors are James Stillman ... Cleveland H. Dodge, Henry C. Frick, Joseph P. Grace, Cyrus H. McCormick, ... J. P. Morgan, Jr. ... William Rockefeller, James A. Stillman, Jacob H. Schiff, ... Frank A. Vanderlip, ... and R. S. Lovett."
28. Oct. 28, 1916, New York Times, 'Wilson Campaign Gifts $1,006,283; Cleveland H. Dodge, President's Classmate at Princeton in '79, Largest Donor. $79,000'.
29. Aug. 17, 1912, New York Times, 'Schiff for Wilson; Financier tells why'.
30. March 1, 1928, New York Times, 'C.H. Dodge's Estate Set at $15,522,705; Gift of $2,500 to Wilson at Time of Ex-President's Last Illness Is Revealed'.
31. 1918, Arthur D. Howden Smith, 'The real Colonel House', pp. 97-98.
32. Feb. 4, 1906, New York Times, '... Princeton President Speaks on the Duty of College Men -- Guest at Lotos Club Dinner.'; Oct. 1, 1916, New York Times, 'Col. Harvey Urges Election of Hughes; "Original Wilson Man" Says Democratic Administration Has Failed'; 1911, The Lotos Club, 'Speeches at the Lotos Club'.
33. April 17, 1907, New York Times, 'Witte Didn't Heed the Tip on Harvey; Dined with Him Despite Warning That He Was Morgan's Mouthpiece'.
34. Sep. 8, 1905, New York Times, '... The Czar's ... Representatives Cheered at Col. Harvey's Dinner...'
35. May 9, 1913, New York Times, 'Speaks of Morgan as a True Patriot; Col. Harvey Tells the Trust Company Section of Late Financier's Love of Country.'
36. Dec. 18, 1912, UPI (founded in 1907 as United Press Associations), 'Investigation shows Morgan, 17 firms control $25.3 billion'.
37. April 12, 1912, New York Times, 'Harvey Sees Underwood'.
38. 2015, Charles E. Neu, Oxford University Press, 'Colonel House: A Biography of Woodrow Wilson's Silent Partner', p. 43.
39. 2015, Charles E. Neu, Oxford University Press, 'Colonel House: A Biography of Woodrow Wilson's Silent Partner', p. 615: "On December 20 [1919] Daisy Harriman, House's friend..."
40. 1923, Mrs. J. Borden "Daisy" Harriman, 'From pinafores to politics', 'Chapter IX 1914': "Tuesday, June 23d [1914]. ... Colonel House came in after dinner, and we had a long talk. He says he has taken me into his confidence... He is a wonderful man."
41. Oct. 14, 2019, The American Prospect, 'The Rise and Fall of Andrew Mellon'.
42. Oct. 12, 1931, Time, 'The Congress: Death of Morrow': "Morrow [was] a classmate of quiet Calvin Coolidge in the [Amherst] Class of 1895."
43. 1910 'The Union League Club of New York' booklet.
44. 1980, William C. Widenor, 'Henry Cabot Lodge and the search for an American foreign policy', p. 266: "Address to the Union League Club of New York City , March 26 , 1919.".
45. 1966, Betty Glad, 'Charles Evans Hughes and the Illusions of Innocence: A Study in American Diplomacy', p. 107: "He joined the best clubs -- the Metropolitan Club in Washington, D.C. and the Union League Club and the Lotus [sic] Club in New York."
46. Ibid.
47. 1916 annual report, Rockefeller Foundation, p. 5: "Chairman of the Board of Trustees: John Davison Rockefeller, Jr. ... [Trustee] Members: To serve until the annual meeting of 1920: ... Charles Evans Hughes." 1921 annual report, Rockefeller Foundation, p. x: "*Charles E. Hughes ... *Resigned February 28, 1921."
48. 1925-1928 annual reports, Rockefeller Foundation.
49. Oct. 14, 2019, The American Prospect, 'The Rise and Fall of Andrew Mellon'.
50. 1970, Lawrence Leo Murray, 'Andrew W. Mellon, Secretary of the Treasury, 1921-1932: A Study in Policy', p. 9: "The first inkling that Mellon was a contender for Treasury post came New Year's Eve. Senator Philander Chase Knox (R.-Pa.), dean of the Senate and an integral member of the Chicago cabal, made public a meeting that he had had with the President-elect [Harding]. ... Why did the party regulars, in particular Knowx and Penrose, want this man Mellon for the Treasury post? ... Knox announced that he had urged Harding to appoint his friend, Andrew W. Mellon, as Secretary of the Treasury.11 In spite of Knox's prominence in party circles, none of the newsmen took the proposition seriously . Their favorite was [Charles G.] Dawes, not the unknown Pittsburgher.".
51. Oct. 12, 1931, Time, 'The Congress: Death of Morrow': "Morrow [was] a classmate of quiet Calvin Coolidge in the [Amherst] Class of 1895."
52. *) 1998, John Earl Haynes (Library of Congress publication), 'Calvin Coolidge and the Coolidge Era: Essays on the History of the 1920s', p. 146: "When Coolidge became prominent on the national scene while still governor of Massachusetts, his Amherst friend, Dwight Morrow, sought to give advice, perhaps with the thought that Coolidge as a national man might get Morrow out of J. P. Morgan and Company, where he was bored [OR *perhaps* to swing Coolidge into the White House on behalf of the Morgan bank].";
    *) Feb. 23, 2011, Salon, 'What the right forgets about labor history: Busting unions gave Calvin Coolidge the White House, but it gave America the Great Depression'.
53. 1898, 1903 and 1915 'The Union League Club of New York' booklets. The members section provides the year a member joined.
54. Ibid.
55. ourgeorgiahistory.com/ ogh/ franklin_delano_roosevelt (accessed: December 17, 2020): "Endicott Peabody [part of the Morgan clique], an Episcopal minister who was Franklin Roosevelt's headmaster at Groton (a prep school in Massachusetts), is generally credited with instilling in Roosevelt a duty to help those who cannot help themselves. Following his graduation from Groton in 1900 Roosevelt matriculated from Harvard..."
56. March 12, 2004, Groton.org, 'Treasures of Groton: 120 years of Glorious and Curious Gifts': "Founded in 1884 by a Board of Trustees that included such notables as J. P. Morgan, Phillips Brooks, Endicott Peabody, and Bishop William Lawrence, Groton School [was also financed by Peabody's father, Samuel Endicott Peabody (1825-1909)]... In 1905, J.P Morgan commissioned photographer Edward Curtis to document [for Groton] rapidly vanishing Native American culture."
57. ourgeorgiahistory.com/ ogh/ franklin_delano_roosevelt (accessed: December 17, 2020): "[In] 1921, Franklin Delano Roosevelt ... diagnosed with the polio virus [keeping him] fully functional except for his paralyzed legs. ... A friend, George Foster Peabody [1852-1938; part of the Morgan clique; among the first NYC FED directors] recommended a stay at a resort the wealthy philanthropist had just purchased near Warm Springs, Georgia, where the warm, mineral-rich water might help Roosevelt. From 1924 until his death in 1945 Roosevelt made over 40 visits to the inn. In 1926 Roosevelt bought the resort..."
58. *) March 1972, Playboy, 'Playboy interview: Saul Alinsky'. Saul Alinsky wasn't able to create any breakthroughs without FDR and FDR-allies as Marshall Field III and CIO president John Lewis.
    *) March 2, 1970, Time, 'Essay: Radical Saul Alinsky: Prophet of Power to the People': ""
59. *) March 1972, Playboy, 'Playboy interview: Saul Alinsky'. Saul Alinsky wasn't able to create any breaktrhoughs without FDR and FDR-allies as Marshall Field III and CIO president John Lewis.
    *) March 2, 1970, Time, 'Essay: Radical Saul Alinsky: Prophet of Power to the People': "The [Chicago neighborhood Back of the] Yards gave Alinsky a name. The Chicago Democratic machine was upset that he had challenged its iron control of the city, but Publisher Marshall Field [III] and Roman Catholic Bishop Bernard J. Sheil gave him enough backing to set up the Industrial Areas Foundation, an organization that seeks to apply the Alinsky methods to other slums. Operating on a $150,000-a-year budget, I.A.F. has a basic staff of eleven; other organizers are put on the payroll when the need arises. I.A.F. has gone into Rochester, Buffalo and Kansas City, Mo., and has set up Mexican-American organizations in California."
60. 1968 annual report, Rockefeller Foundation, p. 140: "Industrial Areas Foundation, Chicago, Illinois: toward the costs of its Training Institute for community organizers; $225,000 through June, 1972." In the 1969-1971 RF annual reports the IAF is listed as receiving $75,000 annually. Alinsky died in June 1972."
61. *) Nov. 23, 1933, U.S. New York Times, 'J.P. Warburg Calls for Gold Standard; Banker Calls for Immediate Dropping of the Roosevelt Monetary Program.;
    *) May 21, 1934, Time, 'Books: Middle-of-the-Roader'.
62. Oct. 18, 1936, New York Times, 'J.P. Warburg Goes Back to Roosevelt; Banker, Former Aide, Then Critic of New Deal, Returns Because of Foreign Policy.'.
63. April 18, 1941, U.S. Congressional Record - Senate, 'Volume 87 - Part 3: March 19, 1941 - May 1, 1941', p. 3186; dla.library.upenn.edu, 'Fight for Freedom, Inc. Records'.
64. 1964, James P. Warburg, 'The Long Road Home: The Autobiography of a Maverick', pp. 65, 218, 226.
65. Sep. 25, 2013, The Nation, 'Happy 50th Anniversary, IPS!'
66. Feb. 2-20, 1950, U.S. Senate report, 'Revision of the United Nations Charter: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Foreign Relations', p. 494, Feb. 17, 1950 words of James P. Warburg.
67. 1898, 1903 and 1915 'The Union League Club of New York' booklets. The members section provides the year a member joined.
68. Ibid.
69. 1982, George W. Ball, 'The Past Has Another Problem: Memoirs', p. 22: "Soon I discovered kindred spirits among the partners. One was Paul Harper, the son of William Rainey Harper, the famous president of the University of Chicago.".
70. magazine.uchicago.edu/ 9806/html/rockefeller2.html (accessed: Aug. 13, 2023; University of Chicago magazine): "William Rainey Harper was always Rockefeller's choice for president, and at times the venture seemed to hinge upon his acceptance. As the star salesman who had converted Rockefeller to the cause, Harper enjoyed his special trust. ... Rockefeller wrote to him in August, promising to add a premium to his salary. "I do not forget that the effort to establish the University grew out of your suggestion to me at Vassar and I regard you as the father of the institution..." The figures of Rockefeller's contributions between 1889 and 1892 reflect the expanding nature of his giving [despite being extremely stingy]. From $124,000 in 1889 (right before his big pledge to Gates), his donations soared to $304,000 in 1890, $510,000 in 1891, and then a spectacular $1.35 million in 1892 ($22 million today) as he opened the spigot for the University of Chicago."
71. lawyersclubchicago.org/about/#notables: "William Pratt Sidley: Sidley was a member of the Club for 60 years. ... Adlai E. Stevenson ... Silas Hardy Strawn..."
72. 1972, Walter Johnson and Adlai Stevenson, 'The Papers of Adlai E. Stevenson: Beginnings of education, 1900-1941', p. 210: "[Stevenson] was active in the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations... By 1930 Stevenson was a member of the executive committee and the board of directors of the council which included ... William Pratt Sidley, head of Stevenson's law firm, [and] Silas H. Strawn..."
73. 1994, Jeff Broadwater (professor of history at Barton College), 'Adlai Stevenson and American Politics', p. 34. Confirmed by sources of the time in Google Books.
74. globalaffairs.org/chicago-and-the-world (accessed: Aug. 13, 2023): "Adlai E. Stevenson, Council president from 1935 to 1937."
75. 1938, Political pamphlets (Google Books): "Stevenson has been the chief sparkplug of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, and remains a director of it."
76. 1946-1948, The University of Chicago Round Table (Google Books): "Adlai E. Stevenson ... is a member of the board of directors of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations."
77. 1982, George W. Ball, 'The Past Has Another Problem: Memoirs', p. 22.
78. 1994, Jeff Broadwater (professor of history at Barton College), 'Adlai Stevenson and American Politics', p. 34.
79. Sep. 15, 1952, Time, ''Adlai's Amateurs', p. 34: "[Around] 1937 I met ... a young lawyer named Adlai Stevenson, who was speaking at rallies for the William Allen White Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies. ("In the Midwest that took some guts," recalls Mitching. ...)"
    *) 1967, Herbert J. Muller (history teacher at Cornell, Purdue and Indiana University (1959-1980)), 'Adlai Stevenson: A Study in Values', p. 43: "Chicago [was] a citadel of isolationism... Stevenson responded by accepting the chairmanship of the Chicago chapter of William Allen White's Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies. ... Violent attack in the news columns of the [Chicago] Tribune [followed]."
80. Dec. 30, 1940, Senator Rush D. Holt from West Virginia, 'The William Allen White Committee: Extension of Remarks' (Sep. 30, 1940 - Jan. 3, 1941, 'Proceedings and Debates of the 76th Congress, Third Session, Appendix: Volume 86--Part 18', pp. 7019-7020): "Background of the William Allen White Committee: ... From that committee came the nucleus of the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies. It was on April 29, 1940, that a secret meeting was held in New York City to set up this committee. The person who called the meeting was Frederic R. Coudert... Called into the meeting were Thomas W. Lamont [of] J. P. Morgan & Co.; John W. Davis, attorney for Morgan; ... Henry L. Stimson, present Secretary of War; Frank Polk... Some of the well-known names of finance are listed in the contributors to the White committee. Such names as Morgan, Guggenheim, Lehman, Warburg, Davison, Harkness, Lamont, Whitney, Schiff, Harriman, and others..."
81. 1982, George W. Ball, 'The Past Has Another Problem: Memoirs', p. 22: "Another [kindred spirit] was a young junior partner named Adlai E. Stevenson..."
82. Ibid.
83. Ibid.
84. Ibid.
85. 1982, George W. Ball, 'The Past Has Another Problem: Memoirs', pp. 8-9.
86. May 1966 issue, George Ball for The Atlantic, 'Flaming Arrows to the Sky: A Memoir of Adiai Stevenson'.
87. *) April 30, 2006, New York Times, 'John Kenneth Galbraith, 97, Dies': "In 1953 [the second note here shows these people already were cooperating in March 1952], Mr. Galbraith ... formed a sort of brain trust for Mr. Stevenson that included ... Averell Harriman, ... Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. and ... George W. Ball."
    *) 1981, 'Press Summary - Illinois Information Service', p. 3838 (Google Books): "[The Democrat] Truman had taken himself out of the running at a Jefferson-Jackson Day dinner in March [29, 1952] that year. The same night, after the banquet, Stevenson met with George Ball, Averell Harriman, and Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. Schlesinger wrote in his journal: "Adlai looked very tired ... appalled at the great abyss opening up before him running for president or reelection as governor of Illinois]."
88. April 28, 1952, Time, 'National Affairs: The Famine': "The [Democrat Party] affair [at the New York Waldorf] was officially billed as a $100-a-plate testimonial dinner honoring Mutual Security Administrator W. Averell Harriman and launching him as a presidential candidate. [But] a smiling Adlai Stevenson got the biggest ovation of any speaker..." ... Harry Truman sent a message praising Averell Harriman's "talents as a statesman" [but] Candidate Harriman sat down [only] to polite applause..."
89. 1982, George W. Ball, 'The Past Has Another Problem: Memoirs', p. 123: "I handed [the speech] to Stevenson’s assistant, William Blair, at Blair’s family’s residence, where Stevenson had gone to ground."
90. 1953, Volumes 30-31, CCFR, 'Notes on World Events', p. 34 (Google Books).
91. Sep. 2, 2015, New York Times, 'William McCormick Blair Jr., Envoy and Confidant of Adlai Stevenson, Dies at 98'.
92. Who's Who digital edition.
93. Jan. 25, 1990, NY Times, 'Chronicle'.
94. Jan. 11, 1962, Drew Pearson's Washington-Merry-Go-Round in the Washington Post, 'McCone Made Big WWII Profits': "McCone was then president of the California Shipbuilding Co., organized about one year before Pearl Harbor, when Todd Shipbuilding put up $50,000, with another $50,000 coming from the Bechtel-McCone-Parsons Company, Henry Kaiser, and other companies associated with Kaiser and Bechtel-McCone in building Boulder Dam. ... When McCone came up for confirmation as chairman of the [AEC] on July 3, 1958, he [admitted:] "Yes, I have some business relationships with Kaiser, inasmuch as a jointly owned company..."".
95. Ibid.
96. Ibid.
97. Because it's all that can be found back at the moment, the following is not entirely the right source, as it talks about the McCone-Dulles relationship only starting around 1958:
    May 9, 2005, Counterpunch, '"More powerful than the U.S. Army": Straight to Bechtel"': "McCone soon introduced his new friend, Allen Dulles, the nation's top spy, to his old partner in the Bay Area, Stephen Bechtel. Dulles and Bechtel became fast friends and golfing buddies."
98. oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark :/13030/kt3p3012z7/admin/ (Online Archive of California; accessed: Dec. 12, 2023), 'Guide to the John A. McCone Papers, 1904-1991 (bulk 1978-1989)'.
99. Jan. 22, 1962, Drew Pearson's Washington-Merry-Go-Round in the Washington Post, 'McCone Holdings Suggest Conflict': "One of McCone's most important investments is in Standard Oil of California and Standard Oil of New Jersey. He has been a director of the former, and its report to stockholders as of Aug. 1, 1961, lists him as owning [and amount that] makes him the second biggest stockholder in a company [SOCAL] whose profits and future are materially influenced by Central Intelligence.".
100. Ibid.
101. 2002, David Rockefeller, 'Memoirs', p. 149: "John Foster Dulles... I had known him and his family since my college years. ... when I was courting Peggy in the 1930s, she always stayed with the Dulleses at their New York town house."
102. May 9, 2005, Counterpunch, '"More powerful than the U.S. Army": Straight to Bechtel"': "Bechtel engineered the oil infrastructure for the Standard Oil Company's burgeoning empire in Saudi Arabia, building pipelines, refineries, highways and ports. When Standard Oil's Aramco partnership in Saudi Arabia was nationalized, Bechtel didn't miss a beat. Instead, the company inaugurated a profitable new relationship with the Saudi royal family."; 2011, Stanley D. Brunn (editor; University of Kentucky geography professor) and Jason Henderson (chapter author; Dept. of Geography, San Francisco State University), 'Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects', p. 786: "Bechtel was central to the special relationship between the US and Saudi Arabia after World War II. In 1943 the U.S. Navy forecasted great need for more oil and contracted Standard Oil of CA (Chevron) to supply oil from Saudi Arabia. Standard Oil in turn contracted Bechtel (Wolf, 1996)."
103. 1989, Laton McCartney, 'Friends in High Places: The Bechtel Story: the Most Secret Corporation and how it Engineered the World', pp. 113-119.
104. Ibid.
105. Ibid., pp. 120-122.
106. Ibid., pp. 120-121.
107. Jan. 22, 1962, Drew Pearson's Washington-Merry-Go-Round in the Washington Post, 'McCone Holdings Suggest Conflict': "McCone ... has declined to sell his stock in these oil companies but put them in a trust. Secretaries of Defense Charley Wilson and Robert McNamara would have been delighted to put their stock in General Motors and Ford in trust, but were not permitted to do so. It happens that Standard of California and Standard of New Jersey control the Arabian American Oil Co. [ARAMCO]... It also happens that the Near East is a field where Central Intelligence has played an all-powerful role and usually swung its weight against Israel... [CIA] has nearly always sided with the oil companies. ... [8 examples given]".
108. 1989, Laton McCartney, 'Friends in High Places: The Bechtel Story: the Most Secret Corporation and how it Engineered the World', pp. 118-119.
109. 2014, Richard Norton Smith (1965 Harvard graduate, White House intern during Ford-Rockefeller administration, Washington Post writer, speech writer for Sen. Bob Dole), 'On His Own Terms: A Life of Nelson Rockefeller': "Nelson advised Ike to create his own reoganization panel, chaired by future CIA director John McCone. Eisenhower accepted the idea, albeit with a twist. On January 23, 1953, he issued the first executive order of his presidency, establishing the President's Advisory Committee on Government Organization, to be led not by McCone, but by Nelson Rockefeller.".
110. 1968, Lyman B. Kirkpatrick (inspector general and executive director of the CIA), 'The Real CIA', pp. 236-237 (p. 236 does list Nelson Rockefeller, but the page not visible in Google Books. Some sources claim the page says that Nelson helped McCone get appointed; others say Kirkpatrick also wrote that Nelson got Carter appointed): "It was actually early in 1962 before my task force was able to start to work [with] General Schuyler [and] Coyne and myself on studying problems that faced the new director [McCone]."
111. 2005, David Robarge, CIA History Staff at the Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI), 'John McCone as Director of Central Intelligence 1961-1965: Part 1', p. 41, a "classified biography" listed as 'Secret' by the CIA until 2015.: "McCone relieved Kirkpatrick of his duties as IG and made him chairman of the Working Group, which soon assumed his name. Gen. Courtland Schuyler, from the staff of New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller, and J. Patrick Coyne [another reported Nelson Rockefeller liaison], PFIAB's executive secretary, were the other members."
112. March 2, 1956, The Kingston Daily, 'Pope 80 Today'.
113. cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP84-00780R000600110021-3.pdf (accessed: Dec. 10, 2023; simply a briefing document with the title reading 'Central Intelligence Agency'), p. 17. Confirmed by: findingaids.library.georgetown.edu/ repositories/15/archival_objects /1205200 (accessed: Dec. 10, 2023): "Clare Boothe Luce, John McCone, and Walter Guzzardi in Rome., 10/18/1958." /1205197 (accessed: Dec. 10, 2023): "Color photograph of Clare Boothe Luce, along with John Foster Dulles, at the funeral of Pope Pius XII in October 1958."
114. 2005, David Robarge, CIA History Staff at the Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI), 'John McCone as Director of Central Intelligence 1961-1965: Part 1', p. 12, a "classified biography" listed as 'Secret' by the CIA until 2015.
115. Sep. 20, 1971, New York Magazine, 'The Death Rattle of the Eastern Establishment': "David Rockefeller was incredulous about the rebellion [inside the CFR by Institute for Policy Studies-tied "leftists"]. "I've known the Bundy brothers since they were little boys.""
116. 1998, Kai Bird, 'The Color of Truth: McGeorge Bundy and William Bundy: Brother in Arms: A Biography', pp. 180-181.
117. Jan. 28, 1979, Syracuse Herald Journal, 'LBJ begged Rocky to run': "In 1975, Nelson Rockefeller told two reporters a startling anecdote on condition it never be printed in his lifetime... Rockefeller confided that Johnson had called him and Mrs. Rockefeller to the White House in that year when the streets shook with anti-war protest, when Richard Nixon was driving for the GOP nomination and Vice President Hubert Humphrey badly needed Johnson's backing on the Democratic side. "He told me he could not sleep at night if Nixon were president, and he wasn't all that sure about Hubert either," Rockefeller said... "Lyndon said I've talked her [Nelson's wife] into letting you run." That did it. The following Monday Rockefeller, then governor of New York, announced his candidacy. But it was too late."
118. 2003, David Rockefeller, 'Memoirs', pp. 311, 486-487: "Haig informed me that George Shultz was stepping down as Secretary of the Treasury, and Nixon wanted me to be his successor. ... Haig was insistent, emphasizing that Nixon himself had made the request. ... Since my own inclination was to allow the markets to have freer rein [than Nixon dared or preferred], I wondered what role I could honestly play as a member of Nixon’s cabinet. [And] I felt it would be awkward, at best, for a Rockefeller to impose these measures on a reluctant public and that I might well end up a scapegoat for unpopular policies . ".
119. 1996, Cary Reich, 'The Life of Nelson A. Rockefeller: Worlds to Conquer, 1908-1958', p. 559. See ISGP's Pilgrims article for citation.
120. Jan. 28, 1979, Syracuse Herald Journal, 'LBJ begged Rocky to run'.
121. Ibid.
122. 1984, Carl Solberg, 'Hubert Humphrey: A Biography', p. 351.
123. Sep. 27, 1968, Toledo Blade Journal, 'Ball Resigns U.N. Post To Help Humphrey'.
124. Jan. 28, 1979, Syracuse Herald Journal, 'LBJ begged Rocky to run'.
125. July 26, 1968, Piqua Daily Call (Ohio), p. 1, ''New World Order' Pledged By Candidate Rockefeller': "Nelson A. Rockefeller says as president he would work toward international creation of "a new world order" based on East-West cooperation instead of conflict. The republican presidential contender said he would begin a dialogue with Red China, if elected, to 'improve the possibilities of accommodations' with that country 'as well as the Soviet Union'. Rockefeller said he would work to end the arms race and said this country and the Soviets must cooperate to prevent small wars in areas such as the Middle East from mushrooming into big ones. Despite a long Communist record of broken commitments and the fact that Communist ideology remains hostile, he said, "We must also face the fact that the imperatives of the modern Charles H. Percy, R-IIL en...""
126. See See the following (apparently 1974) Carnegie Endowment report photocopy.
127. *) Bill Clinton was invited to Bilderberg in 1991, months before being elected president.
     *) Throughout the 1990s, Clinton worked with Laurance Rockefeller, seemingly in an effort to disclose information on UFOs. Laurance Rockefeller first met Clinton at the White House on April 14, 1993. Meetings follow at Laurance Rockefeller JY Ranch. In 1995 Laurance Rockefeller is known to have met Clinton again in the White House.
     *) August 24, 1995, Daily News (New York), 'Prez's hunt for campaign cash may turn up some UFO's first': "President Clinton may have to hold still for a lecture on UFOs if he expects to squeeze campaign money out of Laurance Rockefeller. The 85-year-old philanthropist was among the VIPs at Clinton's 49th birthday last weekend in Wyoming. And it's safe to say that the venture capitalist has the President's ear at least while Clinton is vacationing on the Rockefeller spread. Chances are the two men have, or will, talk about the environment, since Laurance has been a conservation adviser to every President since Eisenhower. It's also likely that Rockefeller will bring up the alien issue. Immigrants from Mexico? No, from outer space. Rockefeller has been pressing the Clinton administration to open the government's UFO files. Correspondence we've obtained shows that Rockefeller has told White House Science Adviser John Gibbons that the government must put an end to "40-plus years of denial on the subject" of UFOs, particularly the rumored crash of a spacecraft in Roswell, N.M., in 1947. Rockefeller said he has been "encouraged" by Gibbons' suggestion that he make Roswell "a test case." A Rockefeller-funded study on UFO activity conducted recently with the help of three former astronauts [Brian O'Leary; Edgar Mitchell; Gordon Cooper] should be presented to the White House this fall, according to Michael Luckman, of the New York Center for UFO Research. Rockefeller is also said to have financed a group trying to contact extraterrestials with lasers [That would be Steven Greer]."
     *) August 29, 1995, Los Angeles Times, 'Clintons at Home on the Range, With Chefs in Tow': "On an overnight expedition into the wilds of the Rockefeller family's massive JY Ranch inside Grand Teton National Park, the White House saw to it that every presidential need was met. ... "I was channel-surfing the other night [while staying at West Virginia Democratic Sen. John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV's 7,000-square-foot home here] and stumbled across a movie about the Lewis and Clark expedition," Clinton said as he gazed out over the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. I've always been fascinated by it...."
     *) June 19, 1998, Jay Rockefeller's Senate office, 'Rockefeller to accompany Clinton to China': "U.S. Senator Jay Rockefeller (D-WV) [great grandson of John D. Rockefeller] has accepted President Clinton's invitation to join the official U.S. Delegation to China. ... "I am extremely honored to have been asked by the President to represent our country in China," said Rockefeller."
     *) September 20, 1998, Los Angeles Times, 'A Real Crisis Looms, But World Looks Other Way': "With financial markets trembling around the world, last week Clinton gave what he hopes will be remembered as the most important speech of his career at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York. As a blue-chip audience, including David Rockefeller, Pete Peterson and George Soros, hung on every word"
     *) June 27, 2001, Forbes, 'Can't Buy Me Love - Sir Evelyn de Rothschild, 70, and Lynn Forester, 46': "Lynn Forester was a successful entrepreneur in her own right before she brokered the deal of a lifetime last year, marrying Sir Evelyn de Rothschild, who sits atop one of the world's oldest private banking families. Forester met the 70-year-old scion at the 1998 Bilderberg Conference, an exclusive summit for financiers and foreign policy experts, which was held in Scotland that year. The duo had a small wedding in London last November, and the very next day Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan and his wife Elizabeth hosted a dinner for the couple to celebrate, with then-President Bill Clinton and wife Hillary in attendance. Forester now heads the Luxembourg-based wireless broadband venture FirstMark Communications Europe. The startup launched in 1998 with great fanfare, raising $1 billion in funding and landing former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and Washington consigliere Vernon Jordan as board members. But with losses piling up and a public offering pulled, investors are now disgruntled. Not to worry--there's no better backup plan than the Rothschild name."
     *) April 11, 2002, Boca Raton News, 'Sachs rubs shoulders with Russians, Clinton': "Peter Sachs, president of the Sachs, Sax & Klein law firm and Palm Beach County co-chairman of the Republican Jewish Coalition, attended a private dinner party at the Russian Consulate in New York City honoring Mikhail Gorbachev. Among the other guests were former President Bill Clinton, Bono… and David Rockefeller."
     *) Augustus 30, 2004, New York Newsday, 'Off one island and onto another': "Think Back on the Vineyard, I was struck by how the island seems to have seceded from the red states of the union. It was the most Democratic place I've ever been. ... And, indeed, Bill Clinton and his wife, Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, were everywhere, flying in and out of the tiny airport ... There were Democrats everywhere - Maureen White and her financier hubby, Steve Rattner; veteran liberals Vernon and Ann Jordan; the Baron Evelyn de Rothschild's all-American wife, Lady Lynn; the Jack Valentis; Democratic kingmaker Mandy Grunwald and her now famous Time magazine mister, Matt Cooper, who is under the gun for refusing to reveal his Washington sources. Also seen: former Clinton aide Lisa Caputo, now of Citibank, and hubby Rick Morris, wearing an "Anyone but Bush" button. At a party given to celebrate the Baron's [Rothschild] and Vernon Jordan's joint birthdays, I spoke with Caroline Kennedy Schlossberg and Maurice Tempelsman of Jackie fame, as well as both Clintons."
     *) August 17, 2008, London Times, 'Hillary Clinton's rich friend Lady de Rothschild ambushes Barack Obama': "At the Democratic national convention next week, Lynn Forester, Lady de Rothschild, one of Britain’s most influential political hostesses, will be contemplating treachery. She poured her heart and money into Hillary Clinton’s campaign and she is thinking of voting for John McCain, the Republican candidate, for president. ... The Rothschilds spent the night of their wedding dinner in the Lincoln bedroom at the White House when Bill Clinton was president, so her loyalty to Hillary is understandable."
128. 1990, Earth Day Network, board of directors document (see PDF).
129. See this 1989 CSIS PDF showing Kissinger, Brzezinki, Rothschild, Al Gore, Bob Dole, etc. all on its boards.
130. See this 1989 CSIS PDF showing Kissinger, Brzezinki, Woolsey, Rothschild, Al Gore, Bob Dole, etc. all on its boards.
131. See this 1989 CSIS PDF showing Kissinger, Brzezinki, Rothschild, Al Gore, Bob Dole, etc. all on its boards.
132. See this 1985 screenshot Reagan Foundation screenshot.
133. *) 2004, Laura Flanders, 'Bushwomen: How They Won the White House for Their Man', p. 57: "Shultz served on the Chrevron board before Rice joined it. In quick succession she followed him to Transamerica board, where she served for eight years, and later the Charles Schwab board, where she and Shultz served concurrently. At J.P. Morgan Chase she became a member of the International Advisory Council, which Shultz directed."
     *) Investing.businessweek.com, George P. Shultz: "Shultz served in the Marine Corps from 1942 to 1945. Dr. Shultz serves as the Chairman of J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.'s International Advisory Council ... He has been Director Emeritus at Charles Schwab Corp. since 2005. ... He served as a Director of Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation since November 1991. ... He served as a Director of The Charles Schwab Corp. from 1997 to December 31, 2004. Dr. Shultz is the Advisory Council Chairman of the Precourt Institute for Energy Efficiency at Stanford University, Chairman of the MIT Energy Initiative External Advisory Board, and the Chairman of the Energy Task Force at Hoover Institution."
     *) Condoleezza Rice, official curriculum vitae, p.3: "Director, Board of Directors, Schwab Corporation, July 1999 - 2000. [Shultz there from 1997-2004] Member, International Advisory Council, J.P. Morgan, 1995 - 2000. Director, Board of Directors, Chevron Corporation, 1991 - 2000 [Shultz here since 1989 and recommened Rice's appointment] • Director, Board of Directors, Transamerica Corporation, 1991 - July 1999 • Director, Board of Directors, Hewlett-Packard, 1991 - 1993"
     *) National Women's History Museum, Condoleezza Rice (1954-): "Beginning in 1981, Rice taught political science at California’s Stanford University. She became known as a specialist on the Soviet Union, and in 1989, when Republican George H.W. Bush became president, she began serving in federal government, where her knowledge of Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin became especially helpful. She returned to Stanford in 1991, but was mentored by George P. Schultz, Secretary of State during the Reagan administration. He helped her obtain board memberships with Chevron, Transamerica Corporation, and Hewlett-Packard. "
134. *) June 24, 1993, New York Times, 'Washington Talk; Some Old Hands Shape A New Research Group': "Brent Scowcroft, Mr. Bush's national security adviser, joined Lawrence S. Eagleburger, Mr. Bush's second Secretary of State; Robert M. Gates, his Director of Central Intelligence; Carla A. Hills, his Trade Representative, and sundry other former officials, repackaging themselves as a nonprofit, nonpartisan group called the Forum for International Policy. ... Not surprisingly, a number of the group's members work primarily for, well, research organizations. "I'm one of the awful think-tank people," said Richard N. Haass, a Forum member who was the Bush Administration's Middle East specialist at the National Security Council. Now he spends most of his time as a fellow at the Carnegie Endowment."
     *) September 24, 1999, EIR, 'Condoleezza Rice and the team behind George W. Bush's campaign': "Rice has been on the board of the Forum for International Policy since it was formed, shortly after Sir George Bush failed to win re-election in 1992, and the Forum has become a safe-haven for major and minor players in the Bush league. Here are some of the other board members: ... Deutch ... Powell." Only source on membership of Rice's and Powell's pre-2000 trusteeship.
     *) Forum for International Policy website (www.ffip.com) (accessed: August 18, 2000): "BOARD OF TRUSTEES CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD Lawrence S. Eagleburger BOARD OF TRUSTEES Dwayne O. Andreas Howard H. Baker David L. Boren John M. Deutch Robert M. Gates Rita E. Hauser John M. Hennessy Carla A. Hills Kenneth L. Lay Michel Oksenberg Harold A. Poling Colin L. Powell Condoleezza Rice Brent Scowcroft Robert S. Strauss Steven Wallace."
     *) Forum for International Policy website (www.ffip.com) (accessed: March 3, 2001): "BOARD OF TRUSTEES CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD Lawrence S. Eagleburger BOARD OF TRUSTEES Dwayne O. Andreas Howard H. Baker David L. Boren John M. Deutch Robert M. Gates Rita E. Hauser John M. Hennessy Carla A. Hills Kenneth L. Lay Michel Oksenberg Harold A. Poling Colin L. Powell Condoleezza Rice Brent Scowcroft Robert S. Strauss Steven Wallace." Later this month Rice and Powell disappeared from the board of trustees.
     *) September 20, 2002, New York Times, 'Threats and Responses: The Adviser; Still Very Much a Player, Scowcroft Straddles the Worlds of Business and Government': "From 1994 to 1997, Mr. Scowcroft served on the board of Enron Group Power and Pipelines, an Enron affiliate that invested in power plants abroad. In addition, Enron's foundation was an early donor to the Forum for International Policy, a research group set up by Mr. Scowcroft. Mr. Lay is one of the forum's trustees. ''He's a friend,'' Mr. Scowcroft said of Mr. Lay."
     *) Forum for International Policy website (www.ffip.com) (accessed: April 5, 2007): "BOARD OF TRUSTEES Chairman of the Board Lawrence S. Eagleburger Board of Trustees Dwayne O. Andreas David L. Boren John M. Deutch Robert M. Gates Rita E. Hauser John M. Hennessy Carla A. Hills Kenneth L. Lay Harold A. Poling Brent Scowcroft Robert S. Strauss." Last back-up that Gates appeared.
     *) Forum for International Policy website (www.ffip.com) (accessed: April 14, 2009): "BOARD OF TRUSTEES Chairman of the Board Lawrence S. Eagleburger Board of Trustees Dwayne O. Andreas David L. Boren John M. Deutch Rita E. Hauser John M. Hennessy Carla A. Hills Harold A. Poling Brent Scowcroft Robert S. Strauss."
135. *) November 30, 1989, New York Times, 'Talking Deals; A Buyout Firm Becomes Friendly': "Some partners in Forstmann, Little's existing funds worry about potential conflicts. The new fund will buy large blocks of publicly traded stock - as much as 10 percent - in companies in exchange for a seat on the board. ... Mr. Forstmann is lining up a group of high-level executives to serve as an advisory board for the new fund. Among the chief executives who have been asked to sit on this board are Michael D. Eisner of Walt Disney, Drew Lewis of Union Pacific and Anthony F. J. O'Reilly of H. J. Heinz, as well as George P. Shultz, the former Secretary of State." Shultz left government in January 1989.
     *) October 05, 1990, New York Times, 'Business People; Rumsfeld Becomes Chief At General Instrument': "Mr. Rumsfeld is also an investor in the company. He said yesterday that about a year ago he became a member of Forstmann Little's advisory board, made up of top executives, and got to know the Forstmann operation."
     *) October 9, 1992, New York Times, 'Abroad at Home; Death At Bush's Door': "At a private meeting last month former Secretary of State George Shultz spoke in passionate terms about the human disaster taking place in what was Yugoslavia. He deplored the American Government's failure to do more to stop Serbian attacks on Bosnia. There are many ways for the United States to influence the Serbs, Mr. Shultz said -- many more options than we have tried. One possibility, he said, is to bomb Serbian munitions depots. Mr. Shultz spoke Sept. 19 at a management meeting of Forstmann Little & Company, a Wall Street investment firm of whose board he is a member."
     *) August 12, 1993, New York Times, 'MCI's President Quits in a Surprise Move': "In a separate interview today, Mr. Rumsfeld, 61, made it clear that he was stepping down as chairman and chief executive of General Instrument because he was eager to move on -- probably back into politics. ... Mr. Rumsfeld, a limited partner at Forstmann Little, took charge of General Instrument in 1990."
     *) October 27, 1995, New York Times, 'Powell Consults 2 Conservatives and 2 Financiers About a '96 Run': "Among others whom General Powell has spoken with [is]Theodore J. Forstmann ... A spokeswoman for Mr. Forstmann, Anna Cordasco, said: "They are friends. I know that they are in contact. More importantly, I know that Mr. Forstmann holds General Powell in the highest esteem and thinks he's a great American.""
     *) November 4, 1995, New York Times, 'As Powell Ponders, Friends And Family Proffer Advice': "Another important Powell booster is Theodore J. Forstmann, a leveraged-buyout specialist who controls, among other concerns, the company that makes Gulfstream jets. Mr. Forstmann, who is worth several hundred million dollars, runs an annual conference at Aspen, Colo., at which General Powell has made major speeches. When General Powell was in Europe on his book tour, Mr. Forstmann flew there to meet with him and urge him to make a Presidential announcement soon."
     *) September 17, 1996, www.secinfo.com, Gulfstream Aerospace Corp.: "Theodore J. Forstmann has served as Chairman of the Board of the Company since November 1993. ... Colin L. Powell has been a director of the Company since May 1996. ... Donald H. Rumsfeld has been a director of the Company since January 1993. ... George P. Shultz has been a director of the Company since November 1991. ... Robert S. Strauss has been a director of the Company since April 1993."
     *) May 14, 1998, www.secinfo.com, Gulfstream Aerospace Corp.: "Henry A. Kissinger, age 74, has been a director of the Company since December 1997. ... Colin L. Powell, age 60, has been a director of the Company since May 1996. ... George P. Shultz, age 77, has been a director of the Company since November 1991. ... Robert S. Strauss has been a director of the Company since April 1993. ... Directors whose terms end at the 1999 annual meeting of stockholders: Robert Anderson, age 77, has been a director of the Company since March 1990. He has served as Chairman Emeritus of Rockwell Corporation since February 1990. Mr. Anderson is also a director of Optical Data Networks, Inc., ... Lynn Forester [de Rothschild], age 43, has been a director of the Company since March 1997. She has been President and Chief Executive Officer of FirstMark Holdings, Inc., since 1984. ... Theodore J. Forstmann, age 58, has served as Chairman of the Board of the Company since November 1993 and is Chairman of the Company's Management Committee. ... Robert S. Strauss, age 79, has been a director of the Company since April 1993. ... Mr. Strauss is also a director of Archer-Daniels-Midland Co. and Hollinger International Inc. ... Directors whose terms end at the 1999 annual meeting of stockholders: ... Donald H. Rumsfeld has been a director of the Company since January 1993." .
136. See 3 notes back.
137. Guidestar, various 1990s papers of the CIA-linked H. Smith Richardson Foundation. Among the governors were Fred Ikle, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Samuel Huntington, James Woolsey and Donald Rumsfeld.
138. *) July 26, 1993, New York Times, 'Chronicle': ""For the luster of power, it would be hard to match the board put together for the newly organized Virginia Neurological Institute at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The research institute will diagnose and treat diseases of the nervous system. The board includes Lawrence S. Eagleburger, a secretary of state in the Bush Administration, Brent Scowcroft, national security adviser to President Bush, Robert M. Gates, former director of the Central Intelligence Agency, and Tony Coelho, former Democratic whip in the House of Representatives. "There are a number of people we would have liked from the Clinton Administration, but they can't serve now." said Dr. Neal F. Kassell, president and medical director of the Virginia Neurological Institute and professor of neurosurgery."
     *) July 27, 1993, Cavalier Daily, 'Former Bush aides top list of institute's choices': "The University’s new Virginia Neurological Institute enlisted the aid of … Eagleburger … Robert Gates … Scowcroft, to serve on the Institute’s Board of Directors. … Also serving on the Board will be Seagram’s Chief Executive Officer Edgar Bronfman, … Tony Coelho and Northwest University Provost David Cohen [professor of neuroscience]. John Collohon, director of the University of Iowa hospitals, also made the list of appointees … Rounding out the Board of Directors will be Upjohn Company president Lee Smith [company also represented on the board of Neurogen in the 1990s, with the CIA's Frank Carlucci as chairman and Suzanne Woolsey, a somewhat sinister psychiatrist married to the CIA's James Woolsey, joining in 1998. Neurogen was stacked by Yale psychologists and phamacologists]; Retired Army Gen. Paul Gorman [CIA; SouthCom commander in Panama; trustee MITRE Corporation; consultant IDA and Defense Science Board; assistant professor for Research in the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia]; Dr. Murray Goldstein, director of the National Institute of Neurology and Stroke at the National Institute of Health and Albemarle County multibillionaire John Kluge [knew Lynn Forester [de Rothschild] since early 1980s; richest man in the U.S. 1989-1992 with a $5 billion fortune]."
     *)January 28, 1998, secinfo.com, 'Fidelity Financial Trust': "Mr. Gates is currently a Trustee for the Forum For International Policy, a Board Member for the Virginia Neurological Institute, and a Senior Advisor of the Harvard Journal of World Affairs.".
139. *) Suzanne Woolsey was director of Neurogen Corporation 1998-2006, under the chairmanship of Frank Carlucci, a director of the firm since 1989 and chairman from at least 1998 to 2004. Upjohn Company also represented at the Virginia Neurological Institute with the CIA's Robert Gates, Kissinger men, Edgar Bronfman and a Lynn Forester (later: de Rothschild). Suzanne is the wife of James Woolsey since about 1970. Very sinister couple with ties to top psychiatric research, Warren Buffett, Offutt Air Force Base (Woolsey held a position there in 1987-1988, at the time of the Franklin scandal, as well as with DynCorp in the same period and numerous other defense corporations). Suzanne Woolsey is also close to Bobby Ray Inman and John Deutch, another decades-long Buffett friend. Basically all these top CIA people are close. Neurogen Corporation and the Virginia Neurological Institute are the only two psychiatric/medical companies/institutes linked to two top-level CIA officers over a longer period of time - at least as far as I've seen.
     *) Neurogen.com, 'Who's Who at Neurogen' (accessed December 2, 1998): "Board of Directors Frank C. Carlucci, Chairman of the Board, Neurogen Corporation; Chairman, The Carlyle Group, a private merchant bank ... Barry M. Bloom, Ph.D., Former Executive Vice President, Research and Development, Pfizer, a pharmaceutical company. Robert N. Butler, M.D., Brookdale Professor and Chairman of the Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai Medical Center. Mark Novitch, Former Vice Chairman of the Board, The Upjohn Company, a pharmaceutical company. Robert H. Roth, Ph.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Yale University. John Simon, Managing Director, Allen & Company Incorporated, an investment banking firm. Suzanne H. Woolsey, Ph.D., Chief Operating Officer, National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council. Scientific Advisory Board: ... George K. Aghajanian, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Yale University. B. Stephenson Bunney, M.D. Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, Yale. Unversity Dennis S. Charney, M.D., Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Director, Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Yale. University Michael Davis, Ph.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale University. ... George R. Heninger, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry, Yale University. ... Eric J. Nestler, Ph.D., M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, and Director of the Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities of the Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University. D. Eugene Redmond, Jr., M.D., Professor of Psychiatry, Yale University. Robert H. Roth, Ph.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Yale University."
140. 1990, Earth Day Network, board of directors document (see PDF).
141. 1990, Earth Day Network, board of directors document (see PDF).
142. See this 1989 CSIS PDF showing Kissinger, Brzezinki, Rothschild, Al Gore, Bob Dole, etc. all on its boards.
143. 1990, Earth Day Network, board of directors document (see PDF).
144. 1989, CSIS, trustees and advisory board (PDF): "CSIS Board of Trustees: ... Vice Chairmen: Maurice R, Greenberg... Members: ... Zbigniew Brzeinski ... Henry A. Kissinger ... Paul A. Volcker... Advisory Board, August 2, 1989: Chairman: *Paul A. Volcker... Cochairman: * Sam Nunn... Vice Chairmen: ... *R. James Woolsey... Members: ... Viscount Etienne Davignon... Baron Edmond de Rothschild... Mortimer B. Zuckerman... *steering committee."
     *) csis.org/html/csislead.html (accessed: Oct. 18, 2000; first webarchive with Gen. Wesley Clark): "Board of Trustees: Chairman: Sam Nunn ... Zbigniew Brzezinski ... Henry A. Kissinger ... [Kissinger protege] Brent Scowcroft ... R. James Woolsey... The Advisory Board [is] cochaired by Zbigniew Brzezinski and Carla Hills... Counselors: ... Zgbigniew Brzezinski [and] Henry Kissinger. Sam Nunn. ... Distinguished Senior Advisers: Wesley Clark..."
145. crisisweb.org/about/board.cfm (accessed: Feb. 5, 2001; July 2000 board, the first one with Clark; Zuckerman added to the July 2000 board in retrospect, so may have joined last-minute for that month): "George Soros ... Wesley Clark ... Jacques Delors ... HRH El-Hassan bin Talal ... Shimon Peres ... Thorvald Stoltenberg ... Grigory Yavlinsky... Martti Ahtisaari, Chairman. ... Stephen Solarz, Vice-Chair, ICG. ... Morton Abramowitz... Mortimer Zuckerman..."
146. crisisgroup.org/who-we-are/board (accessed: Jan. 15, 2018; Clark would disappear later this year): "Co-chair: Lord (Mark) Malloch-Brown* ... George Soros ... Alexander Soros ... Carl Bildt ... Wesley Clark ... Wolfgang Ischinger ... Wim Kok ... Andrey Kortunov ... Javier Solana ... Lawrence H. Summers..."
147. crisisweb.org/about/board.cfm (accessed: Oct. 16, 2002; July 2002 board, the first one with Zbigniew Brzezinski): "George Soros ... Wesley Clark ... Carla Hills ... Zbigniew Brzezinski [July 2002-2010, advisor anno 2013] ... Mikhail Khodorkovsky [disappeared after his arrest by Putin in Russia in 2003] ... [Etc.]"
148. ncafp.org/principals/index.htm (accessed: Aug. 13, 2001; the site was reorganized from late March 2001 to July 2001; Clark did not appear earlier.): "Officers: Honorable George F. Kennan, Honorary Chairman. ... Trustees: ... *Kenneth J. Bialkin, Esq. General Wesley K. Clark... Anthony Drexel Duke... *Honorable Maxwell Rabb... Board of advisors: ... Honorable Jeane J. Kirkpatrick ... Professor Richard Pipes ... Nancy Soderberg..."
149. cesran.org/obamas-national-security-strategy-made-at-princeton.html (accessed: July 28, 2023; original date: June 2, 2010; by the Centre for Strategic Research and Analysis (CESRAN).
150. Jan. 18, 2013, Washington Post, 'Opinion: Does Obama have a grand strategy for his second term? If not, he could try one of these.'
151. clinton.presidentiallibraries.us /items/show/36014 (accessed: January 24, 2021): "First Lady Hillary Clinton attended the Atlanta, Georgia [Bilderberg] Conference in June of 1997..."
152. Oct. 27, 2014, AlterNet, 'Samantha Power, Obama's Atrocity Enabler': "She played basketball with George Clooney... In 2012, Power turned her attention to Syria..."; January 19, 2017, GQ, 'The Oral History of President Barack Obama Playing Pickup Basketball'.
153. crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1139&l=1 (accessed: Dec. 27, 2006 - March 15, 2009): "Crisis Group's Board: ... George Soros ... Zbigniew Brzezinski ... Wesley Clark ... Samantha PowerAuthor and Professor, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.").
154. Nov. 22, 2006, New York Times, 'Giuliani Files to Explore Run for President'.
155. ifl.org/html/web/ about_board_national.html (accessed: Aug. 23, 2006 - Feb. 23, 2009; national advisory board tab, which exited since at least April 2006, but was only archived from August on): " U.S. National Advisory Board : ... Lawrence Eagleburger ... Rudolph W. Giuliani ... Vernon Jordan. Jack F. Kemp. Henry Kissinger. George P. Shultz. Elie Wiesel."
156. aifl.org/html/web/ about_board_us.html (accessed: Oct. 29, 2005 - Aug. 9, 2011): "President & Chairman of the Board: Kenneth J. Bialkin ... Honorary President [and director] Mortimer B. Zuckerman. Directors: ... Abraham H. Foxman ... Malcolm Hoenlein ... Ronald S. Lauder ... Michael Ovitz ... Michael Steinhardt ... Maj. Gen. (Ret.) Paul Vallely."
157. Sep. 14, 1994 speech of Rudy Giuliani to the Business Council for the United Nations at the "28th annual U.N. Ambassador's Dinner", as broadcasted by C-Span on Sep. 16 (video available on C-Span.org as of Sep. 6, 2021)
158. An article on the Giuliani-Steve Forbes relationship on this matter always stuck in the author's mind, but has to be relocated.
159. Feb. 6, 2019, Breitbart, 'Trump Reverses Wage-Boosting Campaign Commitment, Demands More Legal Immigration: 'We Need People'.
160. May 9, 2007, The Guardian, 'Happy Birthday Barbara'.
161. April 10, 2018, Congressional Record - Senate, Vol. 164, No. 57, S2026: "Just yesterday, 53 former senior U.S. officials sent the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence a letter in which they expressed their wholehearted support for Ms. Haspel. This group includes former Secretaries of State Henry Kissinger and George Shultz..." The full list at intelligence.senate.gov includes: "Cofer Black ... John O. Brennan ... James R. Clapper, Jr. ... David Cohen, Former Deputy Commissioner New York Police Department (Intelligence) and former CIA Deputy Director for Intelligence. [Former DDCI] David S. Cohen... Henry A. Crumpton ... Porter J. Goss ... General Michael V. Hayden ... Stephen R. Kappes ... Bob Kerrey ... Henry A. Kissinger ... A.B. ["Buzzy"] Krongard ... Mike McConnell ... Admiral William H. McRaven ... Michael J. Morell ... John Negroponte ... Leon Panetta ... James L. Pavitt ... George P. Shultz ... George J. Tenet .. Greg Vogle ... William H. Webster ... Pete Wilson.".
162. *) Feb. 10, 2015, New York Daily News, 'Henry Kissinger to endorse Jeb Bush in 2016 race: report': "The Feb. 12 lunch, which Bush and Kissinger will both attend, will come just a day after [Jeb] attends [a] fund-raiser ... of Henry Kravis."
     *) Feb. 24, 2015, My San Antonio, 'Why does Jeb surround himself with W.'s bad advisers': "[Jeb's] aide released a list of 21 advisers, 19 of whom had worked in the administrations of his father and his brother. The list starts with the estimable James Baker. But then... Paul Wolfowitz... There's John Hannah, Cheney's national security adviser... Stephen Hadley... Porter Goss... Michael Hayden... Michael Chertoff... Condi Rice,"
163. earthday.org/global-advisory-committee (accessed: Feb. 2, 2011): "U.S. Senator Bernard Sanders, United States Senator, State of Vermont... Ted Turner ... Barbra Streisand (Co-Chair) ... Martin Scorsese ... Larry Schweiger, President, National Wildlife Federation ... Ambassador Mohamed Sahnoun, Ambassador, Special Advisor to United Nations Secretary General... Carl Pope, Executive Director, Sierra Club ... John Podesta, President, Center for American Progress..."
164. earthday.org/about/global-advisory-committee/ (accessed: July 6, 2017): "Sir Richard Branson ... Leonardo DiCaprio, (Co-Chair) ... Al Gore ... Shaquille O’Neal ... John Podesta, President, Center for American Progress ... Ambassador Mohamed Sahnoun ... U.S. Senator Bernard Sanders ... Martin Scorsese, ... Barbra Streisand (Co-Chair) ... Ted Turner..."
165. 1990, Earth Day Network, board of directors document (see PDF).
166. Oct. 1992 issue, Saturday Night magazine (published in Canada 1887-2005), pp. 19, 21 (interviewed Strong and elite associates for the article): "That summer Strong took the bus back and forth between Toronto and New York. He stayed briefly with Monod: there the poor boy from Oak Lake met David Rockefeller... who handled the UN account for the Chase Manhattan bank."
167. earthday.net/node/64 (accessed: Nov. 22, 2010): "Earth Day Network's International Council: ... Gro Harlem Brundtland ... Jane Goodall ... Queen Noor ... Maurice Strong..."
168. 1990, Earth Day Network, board of directors document (see PDF).
169. 2004, The Nation, 'An Idea Factory for the Democrats': "The idea for the center began with discussions in 2002 between Halperin and George Soros, the billionaire investor. Soros, whose money has jump-started a panoply of anti-Bush political organizations, wanted to help create an institution that would be big enough, and well funded enough, to get off the ground right away and have an impact. Halperin, who heads the Washington office of Soros’s Open Society Institute, brought Podesta into the discussion, and beginning in late 2002 Halperin and Podesta circulated a series of papers to funders. At the end of 2002 a California banker and backer of human rights causes named Herb Sandler came knocking on Podesta’s door. He’d heard about the Halperin-Podesta venture from Aryeh Neier, former head of Human Rights Watch, who’d worked with Soros (Neier currently serves on the board of directors of the Center for American Progress). How much of the $30-35 million, three-year funding raised for the center comes from Sandler isn’t clear, but it’s probably in the range of two-thirds, since Soros committed only $3 million to the project. Podesta has a third major funder, but he won’t disclose who it is, and seems overly cautious in talking about his backers."
170. June 25, 1965, Life magazine, 'Part II: The Making of the President--1964: How GOP Rivals Destroyed Themselves': "{Nelson Rockefeller's] counelors moaned that even an abolitionist running for President would not go as far as Rockefeller went. ... Two gifts of $5,000 and $10,000 each to Martin Luther King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference were openly on record. But what was not announced was even more upsetting: a loan of $20,000, arranged through the Chase Manhattan Bank, to the firebrands of the revolution, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee."
171. sanders.senate.gov/press-releases/top-economists-to-advise-sanders-on-fed-reform/ (accessed: Aug. 28, 2023; published: October 20, 2011).
172. *) July 13, 2015, Jane Goodall for insidestory.org.au, 'The rising tide that lifts some yachts': "Asked recently what he’d do to change the conversation on the US economy, Sanders said he would bring Joseph Stiglitz to the table."
     *) April 16, 2016, presidency.ucsb.edu, 'Sanders Campaign Press Release - On the Road: Vatican City': "Also present at the meeting were Bishop Sanchez Soronda, who invited Sanders to the Vatican, and Jeffrey Sachs, a renowned American economist and adviser to Sanders."
     *) Feb. 22, 2017, The Atlantic, 'The Economy Is Not Doomed': "I spoke with Jeffrey Sachs, the renowned economist, an adviser to Senator Bernie Sanders..."
173. Feb. 5, 2016, QZ.com, 'Bernie Sanders' refusal to reveal his economic advisers is an ominous sign': "Sanders ... told the Hill newspaper in October that he considered the Nobel prize-winning economists Paul Krugman and Joseph Stiglitz important influences."
174. Feb. 12, 2020, Washington Post, 'As Bernie Sanders ascends, his potential White House approach to the economy comes into focus', "Other economists who have previously had a hand in the Sanders campaign are also a source of speculation, by people who work with the campaign, about roles in the White House or the Treasury Department should he win the election. Some of the most frequently cited names for top economic posts include Jeffrey Sachs... Robert Reich... and Joseph Stiglitz..."
175. usglc.org/about/our-leadership (accessed: May 7, 2016): "Dan Glickman, Chairman of the Board ... Andrew Tisch, Vice-Chair, Loews Corporation. ... Mark Green, Secretary, International Republican Institute. Hunter Biden..."
176. usglc.org/advisory-councils/advisory-council (accessed: July 12, 2016): "Henry A. Kissinger ... George P. Shultz [etc.]"
177. ndi.org/chairman’s-council (accessed: Dec. 1, 2017): "R. Hunter Biden, Chairman's Council."
178. carnegieendowment.org/experts/1014 (accessed: July 24, 2023).
179. July 14, 2017, Washington Post, 'Lessons in disaster: A top Clinton adviser searches for meaning in a shocking loss'.
180. Ibid.
181. crisisgroup.org/who-we-are/board (accessed: Dec. 10, 2019): "Carl Bildt ... George Soros ... Alexander Soros ... Jake Sullivan... Lawrence H. Summers... Thomas R. Pickering... William H. McRaven... Bert Koenders... Ellen Johnson Sirleaf... Stephen Hadley... Mo Ibrahim... Sigmar Gabriel... Hushang Ansary..."
182. Nov. 19, 2019, philanthropynewsdigest.org, 'OSF Announces $830 Million Commitment to Central European University': "..an institution founded in 1991 [by] George Soros..."
183. Sep. 23, 2022, CEU.edu, 'CEU Mourns the Passing of Ambassador Donald M. Blinken'.
184. Nov. 5, 2015, CEU.edu, 'OSA Renamed Vera and Donald Blinken Open Society Archives'.
185. Jan. 11, 2021, Politico, 'The World According to Tony Blinken—in the 1980s'.
186. csis.org/scholars/alpha.htm (accessed: June 17, 2001; first webarchive of this page; not listed on older, parallel CSIS staff urls, except one that showed he already was at CSIS in April 2001): "Antony J. Blinken, Senior Fellow, Writer-in-Residence, International Security Program."
187. June 8, 2023, New York Magazine, 'I Crashed Henry Kissinger’s 100th-Birthday Party'.
188. Aug. 27, 2013, CSIS.org, 'Dr. Kathleen Hicks named CSIS Senior Vice President, Kissinger Chair and International Security Program Director'.
189. July 31, 2019, Elle.com, 'Meet the Marianniacs''.
190. January 10, 1994, Oprah Winfrey Show: "I'm here with Marianne Williamson who is a friend of mine, and author of a very important book. It's called A Return to Love."
191. March 4, 2016 tweet of @marwilliamson.
192. *) July 30, 2019, New York Times, 'Watch: Marianne Williamson on Race, [Slavery] Reparations and Trump's 'Dark Psychic Force''.
     *) July 31, 2019, Yahoo News, 'Marianne Williamson explains the need for slavery reparations: 'A debt that is owed''.